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1. A compound having the formula (1): where A) only 1 R1, R2, R3 or R4 radical is an organic radical of the general formula -(C(D)(E))h-X or -(C(D)(E))k-aryl-(C(D)(E))l-X, where h is an integer from 1 to 20 and k, l are each independently an integer from 0 to 6, where D and E are each independently hydrogen, halogen, hydroxyl, O—R(VIII) where R(VIII) is methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, n-butyl, phenyl or benzyl, O—C(═O)—R(IX) where R(IX) is hydrogen, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, n-butyl, phenyl or benzyl, or thiol, and where X is an organic radical having only one quaternary nitrogen atom and aryl is a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic system or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaromatic system which does not contain any nitrogen atom, and where the R1, R2, R3 or R4 radicals which are not -(C(D)(E))h-X or -(C(D)(E))k-aryl-(C(D)(E))l-X may be the same or different and are each independently hydrogen, halogen, hydroxyl, thiol, nitro, carboxylate, aldehyde having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, ketone having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, O-alkyl having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, S-alkyl having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, O-alkenyl having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, S-alkenyl having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, O-aryl having 5 to 20 carbon atoms, S-aryl having 5 to 20 carbon atoms, ether having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, thioether having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, carboxylic ester having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, carboxamide having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, thioester having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, alkyl having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, alkenyl having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, cycloalkyl having 3 to 20 carbon atoms, cycloalkenyl having 3 to 20 carbon atoms, aryl having 5 to 20 carbon atoms or heteroaryl having 4 to 20 carbon atoms, which does not contain any nitrogen atoms, and where each of the R5 and R6 radicals is the same or different and is independently hydrogen, alkyl having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, alkenyl having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, ether having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, thioether having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, cycloalkyl having 3 to 20 carbon atoms, cycloalkenyl having 3 to 20 carbon atoms, aryl having 5 to 20 carbon atoms or heteroaryl having 4 to 20 carbon atoms, which does not contain any nitrogen atoms, or where B) only 1 R5 or R6 radical is an organic radical of the general formula -(C(D)(E))h-X or -(C(D)(E))k-aryl-(C(D)(E))l-X, where h is an integer from 1 to 20 and k, l are each independently an integer from 0 to 6, where D and E are each independently hydrogen, halogen, hydroxyl, O—R(VIII) where R(VIII) is methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, n-butyl, phenyl or benzyl, O—C(═O)—R(IX) where R(IX) is hydrogen, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, n-butyl, phenyl or benzyl, or thiol, and where X is an organic radical having only one quaternary nitrogen atom and aryl is a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic system or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaromatic system which does not contain any nitrogen atom, and where the R5 or R6 radical which is not -(C(D)(E))h-X or -(C(D)(E))k-aryl-(C(D)(E))l-X is hydrogen, alkyl having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, alkenyl having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, cycloalkyl having 3 to 20 carbon atoms, ether having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, thioether having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, cycloalkenyl having 3 to 20 carbon atoms, aryl having 5 to 20 carbon atoms or heteroaryl having 4 to 20 carbon atoms, which does not contain any nitrogen atoms, and where the R1 to R4 radicals may be the same or different and are each independently hydrogen, halogen, hydroxyl, thiol, nitro, carboxylate, aldehyde having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, ketone having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, O-alkyl having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, S-alkyl having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, O-alkenyl having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, S-alkenyl having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, O-aryl having 5 to 20 carbon atoms, S-aryl having 5 to 20 carbon atoms, ether having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, thioether having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, carboxylic ester having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, carboxamide having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, thioester having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, alkyl having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, alkenyl having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, cycloalkyl having 3 to 20 carbon atoms, cycloalkenyl having 3 to 20 carbon atoms, aryl having 5 to 20 carbon atoms or heteroaryl having 4 to 20 carbon atoms, which does not contain any nitrogen atoms. |
