Emitting and negatively-refractive focusing apparatus, methods, and systems

摘要

Apparatus, methods, and systems provide emitting and negatively-refractive focusing of electromagnetic energy. In some approaches the negatively-refractive focusing includes negatively-refractive focusing from an interior field region with an axial magnification substantially greater than one. In some approaches the negatively-refractive focusing includes negatively-refractive focusing with a transformation medium, where the transformation medium may include an artificially-structured material such as a metamaterial.

主权项

1. A method, comprising:
determining electromagnetic parameters that define a negative refractive index in a spatial region, the electromagnetic parameters providing an axial magnification greater than one for an interior field region within the spatial region; configuring an artificially-structured material having an effective electromagnetic response that corresponds to the electromagnetic parameters in the spatial region; and selecting a plurality of positions for a plurality of electromagnetic emitters within the spatial region, wherein the plurality of positions is inside the interior field region; wherein the electromagnetic parameters provide an exterior focusing region for electromagnetic waves that radiate from the interior field region; wherein the electromagnetic parameters define a transformation medium; wherein the transformation medium corresponds to a multiple-valued coordinate transformation; and wherein a first branch of the multiple-valued coordinate transformation maps an untransformed region to the exterior focusing region, and a second branch of the multiple-valued coordinate transformation maps the untransformed region to the interior field region.