Momentum transfer using liquid injection

摘要

Various apparatus provide for spraying high velocity droplets of liquid into a low velocity gas stream. Finely atomized droplets may quickly transfer their momentum to the gas, resulting in deceleration of the spray and acceleration of the gas. A high velocity spray of atomized liquid may transfer a substantial fraction of its kinetic energy to the gas before contacting a surface, in some aspects, suspended particles in the gas phase may be removed by high velocity liquid droplets passing through the gas. Certain aspects provide for controlling a gas flow by controlling the relative amounts of upstream and downstream momenta transferred to the gas by one or more liquid sprays.

主权项

1. An apparatus for removing contaminants from a gas stream, the apparatus comprising:
a chamber comprising an interior surface and configured to contain a gas; the chamber having a gas inlet and a gas outlet; a first liquid source configured to deliver a first liquid at a first pressure greater than 500 psi; a first injector coupled to the chamber and the first liquid source, the first injector configured to receive the first liquid from the first liquid source and to inject the received first liquid into the chamber, the first injector including a first nozzle having:
a first orifice having a first size that does not exceed 0.01 square inches of orifice area; anda first shape configured to generate a spray of droplets of liquid; the first injector and the first pressure configured to cause the first liquid to form a first liquid spray upon being sprayed from the first orifice into the chamber, the first liquid spray comprising droplets of the first liquid having a first spray velocity;
the chamber, the first liquid source, and the first injector configured such that a majority of the droplets within the first liquid spray decelerate from the first spray velocity to a terminal spray velocity that is less than 10% of the first spray velocity before contacting the interior surface of the chamber.