| 摘要 |
<p>Chlorinated hydrocarbons are produced by interacting a hydrocarbon gas, hydrogen chloride and oxygen at an elevated temperature in the presence of a copper silicate-siliceous base catalyst containing 2-10, preferably 4-6, per cent of copper silicate (see Group III). A fluidized bed with a linear velocity of 0.1-5 feet per second may be employed. Hydrocarbons specified are ethane (yielding ethyl chloride, ethylene dichloride, 1 : 1 : 2-trichloro-ethane and some ethylidene dichloride and vinyl chloride), ethylene (yielding mainly ethylene dichloride) and propylene (yielding mainly propylene dichloride). A temperature of 300-450 DEG C., preferably 340-390 DEG C., may be employed in the chlorination of alkanes and a temperature of 250-400 DEG C. in the chlorination of olefins. The oxygen may be in the form of air. The space velocity may be 0.5-0.75 hr.-1, preferably 0.6-0.7 hr.-1. Atmospheric or superatmospheric pressure, e.g. up to 75 p.s.i.g. or more, may be employed. Cooling may be effected by means of a cooling jacket or coils, by injecting water into the reaction zone, or by cooling a portion of the catalyst by removing it from the catalyst zone and passing air therethrough. The catalyst may be regenerated in situ by stopping the introduction of hydrocarbon and hydrogen chloride and increasing the rate of introduction of air and the temperature thereof. Unreacted hydrogen chloride is removed by scrubbing with water, the scrubbed gas being compressed and cooled to remove water. The chlorinated hydrocarbons are finally recovered by absorbing in a high boiling petroleum oil followed by stripping and fractionation.ALSO:Chlorine is produced by interacting hydrogen chloride and oxygen at an elevated temperature in the presence of a copper silicate-siliceous base catalyst containing 2-10, preferably 4-6, per cent of copper silicate. The catalyst is prepared by precipitating copper silicate on the surface of a porous adsorptive siliceous base by reaction in aqueous solution of a water-soluble copper salt with a water-soluble silicate in the presence of the siliceous base and calcining the product. Siliceous bases specified are silica gel, diatomaceous earth, nfusorial earth, pumice and clay. Silica gel of 60 mesh (Tyler) or finer is preferred. The catalyst may be fluidized. A temperature of 300-450 DEG C. may be employed. The oxygen may be in the form of air. The space velocity may be 0.5-0.75 hr.-1, preferably 0.6-0.7 hr.-1. Atmospheric or superatmospheric pressure, e.g. up to 75 p.s.i.g. or more may be employed. Cooling may be effected by means of a cooling jacket or coils, or by injecting water into the reaction zone, or by cooling a portion of the catalyst by removing it from the catalyst zone and passing air therethrough.</p> |
