| 摘要 |
The invention comprises polyformals of the general formula AO(CH2O)nB, wherein A and B represent the hydrocarbon radicals of branched chain alcohols and n is an integer of at least two, the polyformals containing 20-130 carbon atoms in the molecule. They are prepared by reacting formaldehyde with a branched chain alcohol or with the monoformal of a single or two different branched chain alcohols at a temperature between 60 DEG and 250 DEG C. in the presence of an acid catalyst, the alcohol or monoformal and the proportions of this compound and the formaldehyde being so chosen that the resulting polyformal has between 20 and 130 carbon atoms to the molecule. The reaction using an alcohol is generally effected at a temperature of 60-200 DEG C.; temperatures of 100-250 DEG C. are used in the case of the monoformals. The branched chain alcohols are preferably oxo alcohols and may contain up to 60 carbon atoms. In general, 1.65 to 0.10 mols. of alcohol are used per mol. of formaldehyde. The products may be used as plasticisers, solubilizers, heat transfer agents, grease-bases, insecticides, weed-killers, detergents, rust preventatives and, especially, as or in lubricants (see Group III). In examples: (1) C13 oxo alcohol is heated in a bomb at 100 DEG C. with formaldehyde in a molar ratio of 1.0 or 0.5: 1, using p-toluene sulphonic acid or NaHSO4 as catalyst and the products washed with alkali and dried; their lubricating characteristics are compared with those of the monoformal of the same alcohol prepared under the same reaction conditions; (2) a polyformal containing an average of 5 formaldehyde units is prepared similarly by reacting 1 mol. of the monoformal of the C13 oxo alcohol with 8 mols. of formaldehyde at 175 DEG C.; other experiments are described in which 4 mols. of formaldehyde or trioxane are used. Numerous other acid catalysts are mentioned including ion-exchange resins. Specification 603,872 is referred to.ALSO:Lubricating compositions comprise polyformals having the general formula AH(CH2O)nB, wherein A and B represent the hydrocarbon residues of branched-chain alcohols, which may be the same or different and n is an integer of at least 2, the compounds containing 20 to 130 carbon atoms in the molecule. The polyformals may be used alone or in conjunction with mineral oils, or synthetic lubricants such as dibasic acid ester, complex esters, silicone oils or polymerized hydrocarbons. They are compatible with the usual additives. Examples compare the lubricating properties of various polyformals of a C13 oxo alcohol with those of the monoformal. The preparation of the polyformal is given (see Group IV(b)). Specification 603,872 [Group IV(b)] is referred to. |
