| 摘要 |
The invention relates to a carbonylation process for the preparation of an alkanoic acid ester comprising reacting: (a) an alkene; (b) a source of Pd; (c) a bidentate phosphine ligand of formula I; R1R2P—R3—R—R4—PR5R6 (I) wherein P represents a phosphorus atom; R1, R2, R5 and R6 can independently represent the same or different optionally substituted organic groups containing a tertiary carbon atom through which the group is linked to the phosphorus atom; R3 and R4 independently represent optionally substituted lower alkylene groups and R represents an optionally substituted aromatic group; (d) a source of anions derived from an acid with a pKa<3; (e) carbon monoxide; and (f) an alkanol; characterized in that the process is performed in the presence of between 0.1 and 3 wt water. The process advantageously has a high conversion rate and is suitable for the production of dimethyl adipate, adipate and hexamethylene diamine and products derived thereof such as nylon 6,6 from renewable sources such as plant waste, sewage waste etceteras instead of using fossil sources. |
