Cation-active copolymers

摘要

Hydrophilic, cation-active copolymers are prepared by copolymerizing in the presence of a free radical forming catalyst (a) from 1 to 99% by weight of a monomer of the formula wherein R, R1 and R2, which may be the same or different, represent hydrogen atoms or methyl groups and A represents a bivalent saturated aliphatic hydrocarbon radical having from 1 to 6 carbon atoms, a -(CH2-CH2-O-)n-CH2-group or a is a whole number from 1 to 20; (b) from 99 to 1% by weight of a monomer of the formula wherein R represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group, R1, R2 and R3, which may be the same or different, represent hydrogen atoms, groups with 1 to 4 carbon atoms or hydroxy-alkyl groups having from 10 to 20 carbon atoms, B represents a bivalent saturated aliphatic hydrocarbon radical containing at least 2 carbon atoms and X- represents an anion; and (c) 0 to 80% by weight of another monomer containing at least one terminal CH2 = C< group, which has no cross-linking capacity. Examples of monomer (c) specified are acrylic and methacrylic acids and their esters, amides and nitriles, e.g. methyl methacrylate, ethyl methacrylate, n-butyl acrylate, acrylonitrile, acrylamide and methacrylamide; vinyl esters, e.g. vinyl acetate, vinyl propionate, vinyl chloroacetate and vinyl chloride; aromatic and heterocyclic vinyl compounds such as styrene, vinyl toluene, a -methyl styrene, Nvinylpyrrolidone and 2-vinylpyridine; vinylidene chloride; conjugated diolefines, e.g. butadiene, isoprene and 2-chlorobutadiene; a -monoolefines, e.g. ethylene and propylene. Polymerization can be carried out in bulk, solution, emulsion or suspension. Polymerization catalysts include persulphates, hydrogen peroxide, percarbonates, acyl peroxides, alkyl hydroperoxides and dialkyl peroxides; Redox systems containing such peroxy compounds together with, for example, alkanolamines, pyrosulphites, bisulphites or sulphoxylates; and azo compounds such as azodiisobutyronitrile and azo dicarboxylic acid esters. Molecular weight regulators such as mercaptans, nitro compounds and organic halogen compounds may be included. Anionic, cationic or non-ionic emulsifiers may be used for emulsion polymerization.ALSO:Hydrophilic, cation-active copolymers of (a) from 1 to 99% by weight of a monomer of the formula wherein R1 R1 and R2, which may be the same or different, represent hydrogen atoms or methyl groups and wherein A represents a bivalent saturated aliphatic hydrocarbon radical having from 1 to 6 carbon atoms, a -(CH2-CH2-O-)n-CH2-group or a -(CH2-CH-O-)n-CH2- group or a group, wherein n indicates a whole number from 1 to 20; (b) from 99 to 1% by weight of a monomer of the formula wherein R represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group, R1, R2 and R3, which may be the same or different, represent hydrogen atoms, alkyl groups with 1 to 4 carbon atoms or hydroxy alkyl groups having from 10 to 20 carbon atoms, B represents a bivalent saturated aliphatic hydrocarbon radical containing at least 2 carbon atoms and X/s8 represents an anion; and (c) 0 to 80% by weight of another monomer containing at least one terminal CH2=C group, which has no cross-linking capacity, are suitable for use in the surface sizing of paper, as sedimentation auxiliaries, retention agents for fillers and pigments, antistatic agents, textile and dyeing auxiliaries, and for fixing dyestuffs (For the preparation of the copolymers see Division C3.) In Example 1, an aqueous solution of a copolymer of 2-aminoethyl methacrylate hydrochloride and 2-hydroxy-n-propyl methacrylate is used as a filler retention agent in the treatment of paper fibres; in Example 2, an aqueous solution of a copolymer of 2-aminoethyl methacrylate hydrochloride and 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate is used to treat woven "Dralon" (Registered Trade Mark) fabrics in order to lower their electrical surface resistance; and in Example 8, aqueous solutions of copolymers of 2-aminoethyl methacrylate hydrochloride, 2-hydroxy-n-propyl methacrylate and acrylamide are used as filler retention agents for a paper pulp comprising bleached sulphite cellulose, bleached mechanical wood pulp, china clay, rosin size, aluminium sulphate and water.