| 摘要 |
PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a developer carrier capable of achieving improvement of chargeability of developer and excellent durability when used in a developing device, a developing device including the developer carrier, a process cartridge, and an image forming apparatus.SOLUTION: A developing roller 42 that is a developer carrier includes concave parts 42b and convex parts 42a as a concave-convex shape on the surface, and carries and moves a toner that is a developer on the surface to convey the developer, and has concave-part inner grooves 430 that are concave-part inner groove parts each formed in each of the concave parts 42b that forms the concave-convex shape. |
