| 摘要 |
Methods and systems for hydro processing heavy oil feed stocks to form an upgraded material involve the use of a well-dispersed metal sulfide catalyst (e.g., colloidal or molecular catalyst) dispersed within a heavy oil feedstock, a pre-coking hydro cracking reactor, a separator, and a coking reactor. The metal sulfide catalyst promotes upgrading reactions that reduce the quantity of asphaltenes or other coke forming precursors in the feedstock, increase hydrogen to carbon ratio in the upgraded material, and decrease boiling points of hydrocarbons in the upgraded material. The methods and systems can be used to upgrade vacuum tower bottoms and other low grade heavy oil feed stocks. The result is one or more of increased conversion level and yield, improved quality of upgraded hydrocarbons, reduced coke formation, reduced equipment fouling, processing of a wider range of lower quality feed stocks, and more efficient use of supported catalyst if used in combination with the metal sulfide catalyst, as compared to a conventional hydro cracking process or a conventional thermal coking process. |
