| 摘要 |
Electrode devices and systems for use in liquid environments, including associated methods are provided. In one aspect, for example, an electrode device for use in a liquid environment can include a proton exchange membrane having a first side and a second side, a first electrode including a carbon material, where the first electrode is positioned at the first side of the proton exchange membrane, and a second electrode including a carbon material, where the second electrode positioned at the second side of the proton exchange membrane opposite the first electrode. The proton exchange membrane spaces the first electrode and the second electrode at a distance of less than or equal to about 100 microns apart. |
