Low-temperature protonic conduction for hydrogen-related energy applications employing nanostructured functional oxides

摘要

The present invention provides a proton conducting thin film having a dense nanometric ceramic material with a relative density of at least about 90% and a grain size of less than about 30 nm, wherein the proton conducting thin film is capable of operating at temperatures of less than about 100° C. in the presence of water vapor. The present invention also provides an electrochemical device using the proton conducting thin film, and a method of making the proton conducting thin film.