Reclaiming rubber

摘要

Vulcanized natural and synthetic rubbers are reclaimed by heating them in the presence of available oxygen and terminating the treatment when an initial anomalous plasticity has been attained and before the point at which the plasticity again begins to increase in the normal slow manner. Anomalous plasticity is defined as the very rapid initial increase in plasticity followed by a rapid decrease which take place before a further reversion occurs and the plasticity increases slowly in accordance with the previously known normal behaviour. The process is effected by heating the rubber, preferably in an autoclave; by radiant energy, especially infra-red radiation; by steam; by direct heating or by alternating mechanical or electrical stresses; or by milling, masticating or on hot rolls, the rubber preferably being finely ground before treatment. Temperatures between 220 DEG F. and 400 DEG F. are normally employed, oxygen being provided by means of air, peroxides or per salts. The time varies from 2 minutes up to about 100 minutes. The process is normally terminated before the reversion point but may be continued almost up to that point, the process then being terminated rapidly, e.g. by blowing the charge into cold water. The reclaiming agents may be aromatic mercaptans such as xylyl mercaptan in kerosene, benzyl mercaptan, alpha-naphthyl mercaptan, thiophenols, aromatic sulphides such as phenyl sulphide, diphenyl sulphide, diphenyl disulphide, benzyl disulphide, aliphatic mercaptans such as amyl mercaptan, isoamyl mercaptan, butyl mercaptan, dodecyl mercaptan; aliphatic sulphides including diamyl sulphide, n. amyl disulphide, iso-amyl disulphide and n. butyl disulphide; unsaturated hydrocarbons including terpenes, such as terpinolene and dicyclopentadiene; unsaturated ketones including phorone; and nitrogen containing compounds including the condensation product of butyraldehyde and aniline, hydrazo benzene, azoxybenzene, azobenzene and pyrrole. Softening agents including pine tar, coal tar, fatty acids, coumarone indene resin, rosin or rosin oil, and solvents such as kerosene, xylol and small quantities of water may also be added. The synthetic rubbers which may be processed include neoprene and copolymers of butadiene with styrene and acrylonitrile but exclude factice and the polysulphide elastomers. Specification 610,901 is referred to.