| 摘要 |
Polymers and copolymers are made by polymerizing in aqueous emulsion in the presence of a redox system comprising an oxidizing agent and a derivative of a phosphorus oxyacid chemically combined or mixed with one or more water-soluble heavy metal salts. The emulsion may contain a sulphur-containing modifier, e.g. bis-isopropyl xanthogen. The oxidizing agents may be hydrogen peroxide, barium peroxide, organic peroxides, potassium persulphate, sodium perborate or potassium percarbonate. Monomers mentioned are butadiene, isoprene, dimethyl butadiene, chloroprene, piperylene, styrene, p-chlorstyrene, p-methoxystyrene, vinyl naphthalene, acrylic acid, acrylonitrile, methacrylonitrile, methyl acrylate, methyl methacrylate, butyl acrylate, methacrylamide, vinyl ketone, vinyl ethers, carbazole, furane, chloride, acetate, vinylidene chloride and methyl isopropenyl ketone. The oxyacid derivative may be an alkali, alkaline earth or heavy metal phosphate, pyrophosphate, triphosphate, metaphosphate, tetraphosphate, orthophosphite, hydrophosphite, metaphosphite, or pyrophosphite, or organic esters of phosphorus oxyacids, e.g. glycerine monophosphate, fructose diphosphate, lecithin, adenylic acid pyrophosphate and phosphoglyceric acid. Specified salts are sodium ferri- and ferropyrophosphate, ferric pyrophosphate, sodium cupropyrophosphate, sodium cuprophosphate, sodium ferrotriphosphate, potassium cobalt triphosphate, ferrous ferric lactophosphate and ferric glycerophosphate. Specified heavy metal salts are ferric and ferrous sulphate, cobaltous and cuprous chloride, and ferrous and nickel ammonium sulphates. The salts of the metals silver, zinc, cadmium, mercury, chromium, manganese and molybdenum may also be used. The emulsifying agent may be a partially neutralized fatty acid, e.g. myristic acid, or sodium oleate, potassium palmitate, sodium myristate, hymolal sulphates, sodium lauryl sulphate, sodium isopropyl naphthalene sulphate, bile salts, proteins or the hydrochloride of diethylaminoethyloleylamide, oleylamidoethyldiamine, or of the diethylaminoethoxyanilide of oleic acid, or trimethylcetylammonium methyl sulphate. |
