| 摘要 |
The specification describes a method for inhibiting the formation of scale and related solids in an aqueous liquid. In the method, a polyacrylic acid having a terminal group of structure RO-G-C(R'R")- is added to the liquid. In the terminal group, R is H or 5 alkyl, R' and R" are hydrocarbon groups and G is a group, for example C=O, such that G-OH is an acidic group. The aqueous liquid is at a temperature of greater than 90*C or else has a calcium ion concentration of greater than about 200ppm or else has a magnesium concentration of greater than about 50ppm. |
