| 摘要 |
Biomarker diagnosis of chronic schizophrenia in the presence of cognitive impairment is confirmed when Phosphocreatine (PCr) levels are increased, compared to normal levels, in both the left and right prefrontal cortices of the brain, with increased PCr specifically also in the left basal ganglia and also reduced NA/Crt in the left superior temporal region of the brain. Biomarker differential diagnosis is also taught for chronic alcoholism (with or without cognitive impairment) and for chronic schizophrenia even when cognitive impairment is absent.
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