ELECTRIC-MECHANICAL CONVERSION ELEMENT, LIQUID DISCHARGING HEAD, DROP DISCHARGING DEVICE, AND IMAGE FORMING DEVICE

摘要

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an electric-mechanical conversion device capable of obtaining efficient deformation displacement.SOLUTION: In an electric-mechanical conversion element, a first electrode is formed on a substrate. An electric-mechanical conversion film is formed on at least a part of the first electrode, and a second electrode is formed on at least a part of the electric-mechanical conversion film. An actuator portion 35 on which layers from a vibration plate 30 as a substrate to an upper electrode 44 as the second electrode are laminated, has stiffness gradually increasing from an end portion of the actuator portion 35 in a lateral direction of the actuator 35 toward a center part thereof. Displacement amount characteristics as substitutive characteristics of the stiffness exist on an outer peripheral surface curved line of a generally meniscus convex lens.