CARRIER AND DEVELOPER FOR ELECTROSTATIC IMAGE DEVELOPMENT, AND IMAGE FORMATION METHOD AND APPARATUS

摘要

A carrier for electrostatic image development, and a developer, an image formation method and an image formation apparatus using the carrier. The carrier is carrier particles. When the carrier particles each have a coating layer on a magnetic particle, the carrier has a total energy amount of 1500 to 3000 mJ. When the carrier particles each have a coating layer on a magnetic powder-dispersed particle, the carrier has a total energy amount of 1000 to 1500 mJ. The total energy amount is measured with a powder rheometer at a tip end speed of a rotor of 100 mm/s and a helix angle of the rotor of -5°. The total energy amount is a value of a portion of the carrier in a measurement container which portion is contained in the region between the packed surface of the carrier and a surface disposed under the packed surface by 70 mm.