| 摘要 |
Germanium dry rectifiers or detectors are manufactured by heating germanium dioxide in a reducing atmosphere to a temperature lower than the volatilising temperature of germanium monoxide, e.g., at 600 DEG C for one hour, until reduced, powdered germanium is obtained, then heating the germanium in the presence of one or more of phosphorus, arsenic, antimony and bismuth to obtain an alloy of which the added element or elements forms less than 1 per cent and subsequently solidifying the alloy under pressure to the form of plates. The germanium may be heated in a reducing atmosphere to a temperature above its melting point, e.g., 1200 DEG C, for half an hour to fuse the metal to produce an ingot or lump. The germanium-phosphorus alloy may be made by heating a thick paste of germanium powder, phosphoric acid and pure carbon covered with carbon powder, in a crucible in an oxidizing atmosphere at a temperature above the melting point of germanium, e.g., at 1000 DEG C, for several hours. An alloy having a higher proportion of the added element than 1 per cent may initially be produced, which alloy is diluted by repeated admixture with germanium in reducing atmosphere at temperatures above the melting point of germanium. Solidifying the alloy to form plates may be performed in a carbon mould, pressure being applied by a carbon piston. Dry rectifiers and detectors are produced from the resulting plates (see Groups XXXVI and XL(c)). |
