| 摘要 |
Cellulosic materials having ion-exchange capacity are treated by (a) chemically fixing thereon by means of the ion-exchange capacity at least part of a catalyst for effecting, polymerization of olefinic monomers, (b) contacting the modified cellulosic materials with an olefinic monomer containing a hydrolysable group, and any remaining part of the catalyst, to polymerize the monomer, and thereafter (c) hydrolysing at least part of the hydrolysable groups with an aqueous base. The cellulosic materials treated may be wood fibres or cotton fibres, either in the form of a web or an aqueous slurry. The catalyst is introduced into the cellulosic materials by the methods described in Specification 818,412, e.g. by treating cellulose with a metal compound as one half of a redox system and then effecting polymerization in the presence, of a peroxy compound, or by introducing amino groups into the cellulose and converting them to persulphate groups. Exemplified monomers and monomer mixtures are vinyl acetate, acrylonitrile, methyl, ethyl, butyl and 2-ethylhexyl acrylates, methyl and diethyl aminoethyl metahcrylates and acrylamide, and mixtures thereof with each other and with monomers such as styrene, butadiene and vinylidene chloride. The process is particularly applied to slurries of wood pulp and the resulting modified materials, after hydrolysis with an aqueous base, e.g. sodium or potassium hydroxide, may be used in making paper, as additives to paper pulp, as soil conditioners and in fertilizer compositions. In addition, water-soluble materials extracted from the hydrolysates may be used as additives to paper pulp.ALSO:Clay soils are conditioned by the addition thereto of products made by the alkaline hydrolysis of wood pulp on to which has been polymerized ethylenic monomeric material containing hydrolysable groups. The conditioner may be formulated so as to contain plant nutrients. In an Example (15) there is added to clay soil (a) the product obtained by hydrolysing with sodium hydroxide wood pulp on to which has been polymerized acrylonitrile, and (b) the product obtained by hydrolysing with potassium hydroxide wood pulp on to which has been polymerized acrylonitrile, the alkaline hydrolysate being neutralized with phosphoric acid to fix ammonia released during hydrolysis, and fortified with urea. Specification 818,412 is referred to.ALSO:Paper pulps are modified by the addition thereto of products made by the alkaline hydrolysis of wood pulp on to which is polymerized ethylenic monomeric material containing hydrolyzable groups, the polymerization of the monomeric material being effected by means of a catalyst chemically attached to cellulose of wood pulp through ion-exchange groups present therein (see Division C3). The modification of paper pulps may be effected by adding thereto either the wood pulp containing hydrolyzed polymer, or an aqueous extract containing the water-soluble constituents of the hydrolyzed polymer-pulp material. When the hydrolyzed material contains carboxyl groups, these may be in the form either of free acid or of salt groups. The Examples describe modifying papers with hydrolyzates of products obtained by polymerizing on to slurries of wood pulp vinyl acetate, acrylonitrile, methyl, ethyl butyl and 2-ethylhexyl acrylates, methyl and diethylaminoethyl methacrylates and acrylamide, and mixtures thereof with each other and with monomero such as styrene, butadiene and vinylidene chloride. Also described is the addition to paper pulp of aqueous extracts of hydrolyzed woodpulp/polyacrylonitrile materials. Specification 818,412 is referred to.ALSO:Paper board is coated by means of a trailing blade coater with a paste obtained by the alkaline hydrolysis of a wood pulp on to which acrylonitrile has been polymerized and which, after hydrolysis has been acidified, and dyed with methylene blue. Specification 818,412 is referred to. |
