| 摘要 |
<p>Development of auxiliary fuel injection at the tuyeres for blast furnaces began prior to 1958, and the first commercial application occurred in June, 1959, using natural gas. This initial work was based on a search for a more economical means to provide the chemical and thermal requirements for the manufacture of pig iron from iron ore. Successful injection of auxiliary fuels has progressed from two furnaces in 1960 to an estimated 80 to 90% of over 200 furnaces in operation today. The hydrocarbon fuels used today are: natural gas, coke-oven gas, heavy and residual oils, tar and pulverized coal with the last one applied to only two furnaces in the country. The two -major fuels used are natural gas and residual oil. Many of the furnaces using natural gas have been changing to oil or tar. Research and development has continued toward increasing the injection rates in order to both increase iron production and reduce the coke rate (due to a lack of coke manufacturing capacity). Since the oil embargo and the shortages of fuel oils and natural gas, the steel industry has expanded its search to include the substitution of natural gas and oil for either pulverized coal, coal/oil slurries or coal/coal tar slurries. In the majority of installations the present cost of new, coal handling and crushing facilities is prohibitive in today's economy and the slurry approach is more attractive. However, the problem with slurries is that the pulverized coal has a decided tendency to settle, causing plugging problems and increasing maintenance costs. An easy, economical method for manufacturing stable slurries (ones in which the coal will not settle) is with the use of our HIPR-Fluid* structured emulsion technology using our HIPR-Fluid emulsifiers. Based on our HIPR patents, we have been capable of transporting coal up to 1112" * Trademark, Petrolite Corporation, High Internal Phase Ratio.</p> |
