| 摘要 |
The catalytic reduction with hydrogen of aliphatic monocarboxylic acids to produce alcohols and/or esters is effected by means of a chromite catalyst prepared by dissolving zinc, cadmium and copper nitrates in water (zinc nitrate preferably predominating) and precipitating the metals as chromates by adding a solution of chromic acid and ammonia; the reaction mixture is neutralized by more ammonia, and the precipitate is washed, dried at 100 DEG C. and ignited at 400 DEG C. after which it is granulated and pressed into tablets. In examples, (1) the catalyst is placed in a steel pressure vessel and heated to 350 DEG C. in a stream of hydrogen; the hydrogen pressure is then raised to 2000 lbs. per sq. in. and lauric acid is pumped over the catalyst while hydrogen is drawn through the apparatus; the product contains lauryl alcohol and lauryl laurate; (2) butyric acid similarly treated yields butanol and butyl butyrate; (3) glacial acetic acid yields ethyl alcohol and ethyl acetate; (4) coconut oil acid yields mixed alcohols, including decyl and lauryl alcohols, and lauryl laurate; (5) the acids of castor oil yield a viscous product containing about 40 per cent of esters; (6) oleic acid yields quantities of ester and alcohol varying with the temperature (table given); the alcohol contains both oleyl and stearyl alcohols; to obtain pure stearyl alcohol the product is hydrogenated with a nickel-kieselguhr catalyst at 125-150 DEG C. and 150 lbs. per sq. in.; (7) a solution of stearic acid in butanol yields after removal of the butanol a product containing 77 per cent of stearyl alcohol and a residue containing wax and alcohol. The process may be varied so as to produce a high yield of esters (high rate of flow and relatively low temperatures) or a high yield of alcohols (low rate of flow and relatively high temperatures). Specifications 356,731 and 367,003 are referred to. The Specification as open to inspection under Sect. 91 includes the reduction of hydroaromatic acids, aromatic acids containing the acid group in an aliphatic side chain, hydroxy and ketonic acids, and catalysts may be used which consist of the difficulty reducible oxides of hydrogenating metals, for instance a mixture of chromates, the process being effected above 200 DEG C. and above 13,5 atmospheres pressure. This subject-matter does not appear in the Specification as accepted.ALSO:A chromite catalyst for the reduction of organic acids with hydrogen is made by dissolving zinc, cadmium, and copper nitrates in water (the zinc nitrate preferably predominating) and precipitating the metals as chromates by adding a solution of chromic acid and ammonia; the reaction mixture is neutralized by more ammonia, and the precipitate is washed, dried at 100 DEG C., and ignited at 400 DEG C., after which it is granulated and pressed into tablets. Before use it is heated to 350 DEG C. in a stream of hydrogen. Specifications 356,731 and 367,003 are referred to. |
