| 摘要 |
A flash calciner reactor (116) and method for thermal activation of minerals is described in which a monotonic increase in temperature of the solids is achieved by indirect heating of the solids by a combustion gas or other heat source in counterflow to the flow of entrained solids. Mineral solids in particulate form are preheated using the hot calciner exhaust gas stream, and entrained in superheated steam which is generated by boiling and superheating water from heat extracted from the hot solids product stream. The water is condensed from the filtered gas stream using air or water cooling. Additional energy efficiency is obtained by preheating the air for the combustor from the combustion gas exhaust. In the case of carbonate minerals, the gas stream exhausting from the condenser is largely pure carbon dioxide which can be compressed for storage to minimize carbon dioxide emissions. In the case of hydrated or hydroxylated minerals, the plant produces water as a byproduct. |
