BIOMARKERS AND USES THEREOF IN PROGNOSIS AND TREATMENT STRATEGIES FOR RIGHT-SIDE COLON CANCER DISEASE AND LEFT-SIDE COLON CANCER DISEASE

摘要

Relapse risk in right-side colon tumors is characterized by accelerated cell cycle progression and elevated Wnt signaling. Left-side colon tumors with reduced Wnt signaling are more relapse prone. The single gene prognostic biomarker indicator for left side (LCC) colon cancer disease is NADPH oxidase 4 (NOX4), MMP3, or a set of both genes. A genetic prognostic biomarker indicator for right side (RCC) colon cancer disease is caudal type homeobox 2 (CDX2), FAM69A, or a set of both genes. NOX4 expression levels in human patients with LCC colon cancer disease is used in patient specific clinical treatment strategies. Colon cancer patients having LCC colon cancer disease where the tumor is found to have a low NOX4 expression level have a high 5- year relapse-free survival probability, while an elevated NOX4 expression level indicates a lower survival probability. CDX2 expression levels in human patients with RCC colon cancer disease is used in patient specific clinical treatment strategies. In RCC colon cancer disease, an elevated CDX2 expression level indicates a high 5-year relapse survival probability, while lower expression levels indicate a lower 5-year relapse-free survival probability. NOX4 (CDX2) is more prognostic for LCC (RCC) colon cancer treatments. NOX4 is expressed in adenocarcinoma. NOX4 siRNA is shown to cause a significant reduction in reactive oxidative species (ROS) production.