<p>A non-personalized/non-individualized carrier (NPC) is first provided with a non-personalized/non-individualized security element (NPSE) (100). The NPC and the NPSE are then personalized/individualized. An optically effective structure (101) in the NPSE produces two or more different optical color effects (106,107). A personalizable/individualizable layer (102) shows personalized/individualized information.</p>