| 摘要 |
<p>Quinoline-3-diazoanhydride is made from 3-aminoquinoline by diazotization followed by reaction with alkali. p,p1-Dinitrodiphenylazosulphone is made from p-nitroaniline by diazotization in anhydrous ethanol saturated with sulphur dioxide. Phenyldiazoamino-N-diethyl ethylene diamine is made by diazotizing aniline and coupling with N,N-diethyl ethylene diamine. p-Aminobenzene sulphinic acid is made by chlorosulphonation of acetanilide, followed by reduction and then hydrolysis. Specifications 626,155, 672,775, 714,530, 715,194, 729,472 and 732,135, [all in Group IV (a)], are referred to.ALSO:Potassium azo-disulphonate is made by oxidation of potassium hydrazine disulphonate, suspended in water, by the slow addition of sodium hypochlorite solution, the temperature being maintained below -10 DEG C. Specifications 626,155, 672,775, 714,530, 715,194, 729,472 and 732,135, [all in Group IV (a)], are referred to.ALSO:Acrylonitrile polymers are made by polymerizing acrylonitrile alone or in admixture with up to 20 per cent of one or more other ethylenically unsaturated monomers in a concentrated aqueous or aqueous-alcoholic inorganic thiocyanate solution in the presence of a nonoxidizing, free-radical forming catalyst. The other monomer may be styrene, methyl acrylate, vinyl acetate or vinyl pyridine. The catalyst may be an aliphatic azo compound, e.g. azo-bis-isobutyronitrile or an azo-bis-isobutyric acid ester, diazoamino benzene, diazoamino tetrazole, p,p1-dinitro-diphenylazosulphone, benzene or 3-quinoline diazoanhydride, potassium azo-disulphonate, diazonium diphenylamine, phenyldiazoamino - N - diethylethylene diamine, or a substituted sulphuric acid such as p-aminobenzene sulphuric acid. An amine such as N-lauryl 1,3-propylene diamine or a polyamine may be included in the polymerization mixture as a chain transfer agent and is preferably quarternized before or after the polymerization. The polymerization may be terminated at incomplete conversion by neutralizing the catalyst with sodium hydrosulphite or distilling off unreacted monomers. On completion of the polymerization the catalyst may be destroyed with sodium hydrosulphite or zinc dust. Grafted polymers of acrylonitrile are prepared by adding to the thiocyanate solution, before polymerization, a soluble low molecular weight polymer such as a polyvinyl alcohol of molecular weight from 500 to 1,000 or a polyethylene imine and the graft polymerization may be carried out in the presence of a polyglycol or its derivatives such as methoxy polyethylene glycol or polyethylene glycol phosphate. The solutions of acrylonitrile polymers obtained may be spun directly or used for the production of ribbons, filaments or films. Specifications 626,155, 672,775, 714,530, 715,194, 729,472 and 732,135 are referred to.</p> |
