<p>Disclosed herein, in some embodiments, are methods for treating an MIF-mediated disorder. In some embodiments, the method comprises administering an agent that inhibits (i) MIF binding to CXCR2 and CXCR4 and/or (ii) MIF- activation of CXCR2 and CXCR4; (iii) the ability of MIF to form a homomultimer; or a combination thereof.</p>