摘要 |
Methods, systems, transmitters, and receivers implement and use Quadrature Amplitude Modulation QAM2N modulation types and constellations, where N is a real number, e.g., 1.5; 1.33; 2.5; 3.5. The methods, systems, transmitters, and receivers use constellations with the number of points on the circle not equal to a power of two, sending QAM signals of zero power together with other QAM signals, and/or sending sequences of QAM signals of different types. |