DEVELOPING ROLLER, PROCESS CARTRIDGE AND ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHIC APPARATUS

摘要

[Problem] To provide a developing roller which is suppressed in bleeding even in cases when the developing roller is stored in a high-temperature high-humidity environment for a long period of time and which is also suppressed in toner fusion to the surface in cases when images are repeatedly output under low temperature and low humidity conditions. [Solution] A developing roller which comprises an axial core body, an elastic layer that is arranged on the outer circumference of the axial core body and a surface layer that is arranged on the outer circumference of the elastic layer. The developing roller is characterized in that: the surface layer contains carbon black and a polyester polyurethane resin that has a specific structure; and the storage modulus (E') of the surface layer as measured at a measurement temperature of 0°C and at a frequency of 10 Hz is 5-20 MPa (inclusive).