| 摘要 |
Aliphatic alcohols are separated from hydrocarbon-alcohol mixtures by esterifying the alcohols with boric acid, extracting the esters by a solvent, separating the extract phase, decomposing the boric acid esters with steam and recovering the aliphatic alcohols by distillation. The extract phase may be treated with steam either before or after distilling off the solvent. Suitable solvents for use in the extraction are methanol, alcohols of higher molecular weight, their methyl and ethyl derivatives, glycol and its derivatives, and aromatic and aliphatic amino-compounds. The esterification mixture may be extracted in stages or continuously and it is advantageous that the solvent should not become saturated with the esters. If the extraction is carried out with glycol and similar dihydric or polyhydric alcohols azeotropic mixtures with alcohols of higher molecular weight may be formed and in such a case the extract phase is diluted with water after separation of the hydrocarbon phase. The process is particularly suitable for the separation of aliphatic alcohols from hydrocarbon-alcohol mixtures obtained as products in the catalytic hydrogenation of carbon monoxide. In the examples alcohols are separated from hydrocarbon-alcohol mixtures obtained by the hydrogenation of carbon monoxide by forming the boric acid esters of the alcohols and extracting them with (a) 90 per cent methanol; (b) a mixture of methanol, butylene glycol and aniline; and (c) a mixture of methanol, butylene glycol and a primary aliphatic C11-amine; the extracted esters were subsequently decomposed to yield the alcohols. |
