| 摘要 |
<p>An apparatus comprises a substrate (110), the substrate having: a source (141) for generating electromagnetic radiation for illuminating an object; a detector (120) for detecting a response, such as scattered or fluorescent radiation, by the object to illumination by the electromagnetic radiation; and a least one conduit (150) formed through at least a portion of the substrate for transmission of electromagnetic radiation therethrough in a path from the source to the object or a path from the object to the detector, wherein the source and the detector are not in direct line of sight of one another.</p> |
