| 摘要 |
994,554. Extrusion apparatus. H. FLESSNER, [trading as HEINZ FLESSNER KOMM.-GES.]. June 18, 1963 [June 20, 1962], No. 24248/63. Heading B5A. [Also in Division A2] In making a food product, starch-containing raw material containing its normal amount, e.g. between 13% and 17% by weight, of moisture is fed, from a hopper 1, into the compression chamber 3 in the body 4 of an extruder and is heated therein and simultaneously compressed by a rotating screw 2, so that the food product emerges from the nozzle 5 of the extruder in a puffed or open, cooked, edible form, e.g. in the shape of a strip or rod, which may be cut into pieces of a desired length and allowed to harden. Specified materials are : tapioca, potatoes and cereals such as maize' rice or wheat particularly in the form of grits or groats. The material may be heated by the heat of compression and, if necessary, by a heating device 7 on the body 4 whose temperature may be measured by devices 11 and 12 and regulated by a cooling device 6. The screw may be cooled by a device 9. The screw may have a polished, e-g. chromium-plated, surface. The inner surface of the chamber 3 may be roughened. It may be provided with longitudinal grooves and, if desired, with one or more grooves, each in the form of a screw thread of coarse pitch. The chamber 3 may have a uniform internal diameter and the diameter of the screw may increase continuously and its pitch may decrease in the direction leading to the outlet of the extruder. As shown in the drawing, the screw 2 and the chamber 3 may each have a curved converging taper in the direction leading to the nozzle 5. In an alternative construction the diameter of the screw increases, then decreases and again increases, in the direction leading to the outlet of the extruder, so that the material is subjected to pressure increments and to decreased pressure between them. When using maize grits containing 15% of moisture, the screw is rotated at 44 r.p.m., the temperature, at point 11, is 165‹ C. and, at point 12, is 145‹ C., the nozzle 5 has a diameter of 2 mm. and the puffed rod of extruded food product has a diameter of 8 mm. The extruded food product may be coated, e.g. sprayed, with cheese and/or peanut paste, e.g. containing edible oil or peanut butter, delivered through one or more nozzles located around the nozzle 5. Flavourings such as sugar or fruit essences may be mixed with the raw material or added to the material in the extruder between the screw 2 and the nozzle 5. |
