| 摘要 |
A method for generating a geophysical model of a subsurface region based on seismic data comprises receiving seismic data corresponding to a plurality of image points; applying inversion simultaneously to all data in the seismic data; and migrating the inverted seismic data, thereby generating a geophysical model of the subsurface region. The inversion and migrating are performed using a computer. Further disclosed is a method for generating a geophysical model of a subsurface region based on seismic data comprising receiving migrated seismic data corresponding to a plurality of image points; demigrating the seismic data with a migration algorithm and a simple velocity model for the subsurface region; applying spectral shaping inversion simultaneously to all data in the demigrated seismic data, thereby generating a geophysical model of the subsurface region; and remigrating the shaped seismic data with the migration algorithm and the simple velocity model for the subsurface region. The demigrating, remigrating, and inversion are performed using a computer. Also disclosed is a method for generating a geophysical model of a subsurface region based on seismic data comprising receiving seismic reflection data; migrating the seismic data; applying a multi-dimensional spectral shaping inversion filter to the migrated seismic reflection data, thereby generating a geophysical model of the subsurface region; stacking the seismic data; and applying a phase rotation to the stacked seismic data spectrum to generate an estimate of impedance of the subsurface region. At least the migrating, applying a spectral shaping inversion filter, stacking, and applying a phase rotation are performed using a computer. A method for producing hydrocarbons from a subsurface region comprises obtaining a geophysical model of a subsurface region based on seismic data generated by the above described method of generating a geophysical model of a subsurface region. The spectral shaping inversion is applied to reduce amplification of dipping energy by at least one of (i) applying the spectral shaping inversion filter prior to migrating the data; (ii) demigrating migrated data prior to applying the spectral shaping inversion filter and remigrating the inverted data; and (iii) calculating a multi-dimensional spectral shaping operator and multiplying the multi-dimensional spectral shaping operator with a Fourier transform of the migrated data. A method for producing hydrocarbons from a subsurface region further comprises drilling a well to a formation interpreted in the generated geophysical model as potentially hydrocarbon bearing; and producing hydrocarbons from the well.
|
