| 摘要 |
Methods and apparatus for the preparation of nitrogen fertilizers including ammonium nitrate, urea, urea-ammonium nitrate, and/or ammonia, at low temperature and pressure, preferably at ambient temperature and pressure, utilizing a source of carbon, a source of nitrogen, and/or a source of hydrogen or hydrogen equivalent. Implementing an electrolyte serving as ionic charge carrier, (A) ammonium nitrate is produced via the reduction of a nitrogen source at the cathode (1) and the oxidation of a nitrogen source at the anode (3); (B) urea or its isomers are produced via the simultaneous cathodic reduction of a carbon source and a nitrogen source; (C) ammonia is produced via the reduction of nitrogen source at the cathode (1) and the oxidation of a hydrogen source or a hydrogen equivalent such as carbon monoxide or a mixture of carbon monoxide and hydrogen at the anode (3); and (D) urea-ammonium nitrate is produced via the simultaneous cathodic reduction of a carbon source and a nitrogen source, and anodic oxidation of a nitrogen source. The electrolyte can be aqueous, non-aqueous, or solid. Additionally, described is the production of ammonia from nitrogen and impure hydrogen sources via integrated electrochemical and thermal reactions and electrochemical hydrogen purification. |
