| 摘要 |
FIELD: agriculture. ^ SUBSTANCE: method of growing seedlings of grapes includes soil preparation for planting the cuttings, harvesting of cuttings, laying of them for winter storage, planting the cuttings, vegetative watering, fertilising with macro-and micronutrients and protection of plants from pests and diseases. In the early spring period in early the first decade of April loosening the bands is performed in width of up to 1.5 metres and at a depth of 0.4 m. From the top layer of soil a flat ridge is formed of width of 1.2 m and a height of 0.18 Ç 0.24 m between technological ruts. On the surface of a flat ridge wood ash is distributed evenly with a standard of 150Ç 250 g/m2 or wastes of black lamp plant or wastes of fine fractions of plant of rubber products. On the ridge two flexible irrigation pipes of drip irrigation system are laid with a pitch between the turnouts of 0.2 m. Each ridge is covered with a translucent film. The edges of the film are shifted in technology ruts and sprinkled with soil. At warming of the soil under the film in a layer of 0.18Ç0.24 m to the temperature of +20C shortened cuttings are planted with two or three buds with a step of 0.12Ç0.15 m along the flexible irrigation pipes. When the soil temperature is above +35 C in the film with a step of 1 m the local sections are made across the ridge to form bands of width of 0.6Ç0.8 m. When the air temperature is above +40C whitewash is applied by spraying on the film. The formation of ridges is carried out with a machine which comprises a frame, bracket hinges on the thrust of aggregated tractor and bearing wheels. The machine is equipped with sequentially mounted on a frame with the ability to reset on the depth of processing and capture width with rippers racks, spherical disc working bodies, left and right piles. Also the machine has a covering smooth cylindrical roller, a shaft with cassettes of flexible irrigation pipes, guides of the flexible irrigation pipes, hopper for ash. The ash applying unit is controlled by the reference wheel. To form the slopes of the ridge there is a left and right soil tips. For flanging of the translucent film located on the reel with the carrying axle the rollers are guided on the slopes of the ridge. For sprinkling the edges of the film by soil the left and right hoes are used. ^ EFFECT: group of inventions enables to ensure increase in the yield of standard seedlings with a limited number of cuttings of promising varieties of grapes and at a lower cost of manual labor. ^ 3 cl, 8 dwg, 2 tbl |
