| 摘要 |
A closed loop geothermal system and apparatus is provided comprising a piping system inside a main well to create a closed circulation of thermal fluid to a target temperature zone underground. The piping system may have an inner pipe is inserted inside an outer pipe/casing in a concentric arrangement to allow thermal fluid to flow downward between inner pipe and outer pipe/casing and upward inside inner pipe by entering inner pipe near the bottom of the well. A heat conducting filler comprising graphite may be packed in a space between the well and piping system in the target temperature zone. The system and apparatus may further include an extended portion of the main well and/or heat conducting channels each comprising graphite converging on a heat exchange zone of the well, which may further include a heat exchanger. Methods for constructing and operating the apparatus are also provided
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