DESIGN AND FABRICATION OF ELECTRODES WITH GRADIENTS

摘要

An electrode has a front face furthest from the current collector and a back face closest to the current collector and Is disposed on the current collector, and the electrode has a primary gradient of one of a chemical, physical and performance properties of the electroactive particle composition between the front and back faces, with the proviso that the primary gradient is not a bulk porosity gradient. In some embodiments, the electrode further comprises one or more secondary gradients Imposed over the primary gradient. The secondary gradient is one or more gradients selected from the group consisting of particle size gradient, particle size distribution gradient, particle morphology gradient, particle intemal porosity, bulk porosity, particle volumetric charge-transfer resistance gradient, particle specific surface area gradient, particle crystalline structure gradient, particle crystallite size gradient, particle chemical composition gradient, particle robustness to cycling gradient, binder gradient, conductive additive gradient, and combinations thereof.