| 摘要 |
FIELD: chemistry. ^ SUBSTANCE: invention relates to catalysts for cracking heavy material. Described is a method of producing a modified zeolite catalyst involving preparation of a suspension containing 15-55 wt % matrix component selected from a group comprising clay, a synthetic matrix different from columnar clay, and mixtures thereof, and 10-20 wt % sol or binder gel selected from a group comprising oxides of aluminium, silicon or mixtures thereof, and 0-15 wt % oxide of a group IVB or VB metal, adding 10-75 wt % mixture of zeolites selected from a group comprising: (i) alkali-treated selective zeolite having a structure in which the ratio of silicon dioxide to aluminium oxide is less than 45, and BET specific surface area of pores in the range from mesopores to large pores greater than 50 m2/g; (ii) olefin-selective zeolite having a structure in which the ratio of silicon dioxide to aluminium oxide is less than 70; (iii) beta-zeolite having a structure in which the ratio of silicon dioxide to aluminium is less than 100; (iv) zeolite relating to the Y-faujasite type, having a structure in which the ratio of silicon dioxide to aluminium oxide is less than 30; where one or more of the said zeolites undergoes one or more of the following treatments, (a) impregnation of the said zeolite with a phosphorus compound with addition of 0.2-15 wt % in terms of P2O5 and weight of zeolite and either simultaneously, or successive treatment of the impregnated zeolite with water vapour or water at temperature at temperature from 110C to 800C at pressure from 103.3 kPa to 6.89X103 kPa for 0.1 to 20 hours; (b) treatment of the said zeolite with Cr and/or Mn with addition of 0.1-10 wt % metal per weight of the zeolite; and formation of particles of the said catalyst having size ranging from 0.001 to 0.8 mm. Described is a method for cracking hydrocarbon starting material on a fluidised catalyst bed, where said material has boiling point higher than 300C, at temperature between 500C and 800C and pressure between 103.3 kPa and 6.89X103 kPa until obtaining over 15% C2-4 olefins and gasoline and diesel fractions as by-products and degree of coking less than 18%, in the presence of the catalyst obtained using the method described above. ^ EFFECT: catalysts enable to obtain a large amount of light olefins when cracking heavy material with low catalyst coking. ^ 17 cl, 10 tbl, 3 dwg, 7 ex |
