| 摘要 |
A transducer for use with a downhole tool, where the transducer includes concentric piezoelectric elements coupled with a member that extends from the top surface of one element to the bottom surface of another element. The elements expand and contract to vibrate by applying electrical potential to the elements. The element having the member on its bottom surface expands and contracts with applied electrical potential and also is urged upward, by the coupling member, an amount equal to the vertical displacement of the element having the member on its top surface. Thus the element having the member on its bottom surface is vertically displaced by an amount substantially equal to the expansion of the elements.
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