| 摘要 |
Disclosed is an apparatus, especially a microscope, characterized by a diffraction-limited resolution volume, comprising multiple dye molecules (UF) that can be switched between different states, at least one of which is fluorescent. The fluorescence is focused using an objective lens (O) and is imaged onto a spatially resolving detector. In at least one portion of the sample, the UF have a distribution density that is greater than the inverse of the diffraction-limited resolution volume. Said apparatus further comprises one or more light sources for emitting a switching radiation in order to switch a first subset of the UF in the sample, and for emitting an excitation radiation in order to excite the first subset of UF. A phase mask which generates a light distribution (PSF) having an at least partially limited local minimum radiation on the detector plane is provided in the beam path, preferably in the detection beam path. Alternatively, an axicon is provided for generating a Bessel distribution (PSF) on the detector plane, a means for structuring the illumination distribution is provided in the illumination beam path, means for spectrally splitting the sample light are provided in the detection beam path, a receiver array composed of position-sensitive receivers is provided for detection purposes, means causing a color-dependent light distribution (PSF) on the detector plane are provided in the detection beam path, or an achromatic beam splitter is arranged in or near the pupil.
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