| 摘要 |
<p>An apparatus (10, 50, 80, 300, 500, 1200, 1300, 1400, 1500, 1700, 1810) and method are provided, in which and electroporatÏon electrode (35, 1614, 1714, 1828) is configured for example to apply an alternating electric field (E) through liquid (250, 302, 306, 308, 1414, 1504, 1917) dispensed from the apparatus to a surface or volume being treated (252, 304, 1506) and thereby cause electroporation of microorganisms in (256) contact with the liquid. The liquid may be suspended from the surface by charged nanobubbles and/or another mechanism to enhance application of the electric field (E) to the microorganisms.</p> |
