| 摘要 |
Nitro acetals of general formula <FORM:0939029/IV(a)/1> in which R and R1 represent hydrogen or alkyl; R2 and R3 a hydrogen, alkyl, halogen, nitroalkyl, nitro, aryl, alkaryl, aralkyl, cycloalkyl, haloalkyl, or nitrazaalkyl radical and A is an alkylene radical are prepared by reacting an alkyl carboxylate of an unsaturated alcohol. <FORM:0939029/IV(a)/2> with a nitroalcohol, <FORM:0939029/IV(a)/3> wherein R4 is a hydrogen or an alkyl radical. Catalysts such as mercuric oxide, acetate, sulphate, halide and nitrate with sulphuric or perchloric acids, borontrifluoride etherate, or a strong Lewis acid such as aluminium or zinc chloride or mixtures thereof may be used and examples describe the preparation of acetaldehyde, -bis-(2,2-dinitropropyl)-, -bis-(3-nitro-3-cyclo-hexyl-5-bromo-1-pentyl)-, -bis-(2, 2,2-trinitroethyl) and -bis-(2,2,4,4-tetranitro-n-pentyl) acetals, n-butyraldehyde, bis-(2-chloro-2,4,4-trinitro-1-butyl) acetal, propionaldehyde, bis-(7-azo-5,5,7-trinitro-3-octyl) acetal, acetone, bis-(2-nitrobutyl) acetal, methyl-n-butyl ketone, bis-(5,5-dinitro-5-phenyl-1-pentyl) acetal and isopropyl-n-phenyl ketone, bis-2(nitro-4-phenyl-2-n-propyl phenyl-1-butyl) acetal. The products are useful as plasticisers for polymethanes, nitrocellulose and nitro-polyurethanes.
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