| 摘要 |
A process for the continuous treatment of a first liquid with a second liquid (which is immiscible therewith) comprises passing the liquids in parallel flow through a contact bed consisting of solid inert material (which is preferentially wetted by the second liquid) and removing both liquids from the contact bed as continuous phases. The ratio by volume of the second liquid to the first liquid supplied to the contact bed is less than 1 and the direction of flow is such that the two liquids flow downwardly through the contact bed when the specific gravity of the second liquid is the larger and flow upwardly when the specific gravity of the second liquid is less than that of the first liquid. The process may be used in polymerisation or condensation reactions in which the treating liquid has a catalytic effect on the liquid to be treated or companents present therein. Thus, the process may be used in (a) the polymerisation of propene to propene tetramer with liquid HF as the treating liquid and liquid propene as the liquid to be treated or (b) the esterification of caproic acid with ethanol under the catalytic influence of sulphuric acid, the sulphuric acid being the treating liquid and a mixture of caproic acid and ethanol being the liquid to be treated.ALSO:A process for the continuous treatment of a first liquid with a second liquid (which is immiscible therewith) comprises passing the liquids in parallel flow through a contact bed consisting of solid inert material (which is preferentially wetted by the second liquid) and removing both liquids from the contact bed as continuous phases. The ratio by volume of the second liquid to the first liquid supplied to the contact bed is less than 1 and the direction of flow is such that the two liquids flow downwardly through the contact bed when the specific gravity of the second liquid is the larger and flow upwardly when the specific gravity of the second liquid is less than that of the first liquid. The process may be used (a) in removing organic basic nitrogen compounds from hydrocarbon mixtures such as gasoline by treatment with sulphuric acid or (b) in removing thiophenols and alkyl phenols from hydrocarbon mixtures such as gasoline by treatment with an aqueous solution of an alkali metal hydroxide. The treatment of kerosine and gas oil with sulphuric acid is also mentioned. Examples of a contact material having a hydrophilic surface are ceramic materials such as the mixture of kieselguhr and binding agent known as "sterchamol", coke that has been cleaned by extraction with an organic solvent, pumice stone, glass and ion-exchanging resins, for example of the polystyrene type. Polythene, polystyrene, tetrafluoroethylene polymer and galena are examples of contact materials having a hydrophobic surface. The contact material may have a hydrophobic surface layer and a hydrophilic core or vice versa, and may be in the form of beads, Raschig rings or Berl saddles. In the examples (a) gasoline is treated with sulphuric acid using glass or ceramic as the contact material, (b) gasoline or catalytically cracked light cycle oil is treated with aqueous caustic soda using glass as the contact material, and (c) kerosine is treated with aqueous caustic potash using glass as the contact material. Specifications 759,560 and 786,430 are referred to.ALSO:A process for the continuous treatment of a first liquid with a second liquid (which is immiscible therewith) comprises passing the liquids in parallel flow through a contact bed consisting of solid inert material (which is preferentially wetted by the second liquid) and removing both liquids from the contact bed as continuous phases. The ratio by volume of the second liquid to the first liquid supplied to the contact bed is less than 1 and the direction of flow is such that the two liquids flow downwardly through the contact bed when the specific gravity of the second liquid is the larger and flow upwardly when the specific gravity of the second liquid is less than that of the first liquid. The process may be used in the removal of phenol from waste waters by means of an extraction agent such as n-butyl acetate. Examples of a contact material having a hydrophilic surface are ceramic materials such as the mixture of kieselguhr and binding agent known as "sterchamol," coke that has been cleaned by extraction with an organic solvent, pumice stone, glass and ion-exchanging resins, for example of the polystyrene type. Polythene, polystyrene, tetrafluoroethylene polymer and galena are examples of contact materials having a hydrophobic surface. The contact material may have a hydrophobic surface layer and a hydrophilic core or vice versa, and may be in the form of beads, Paschig rings or Berl saddles. In an example, phenol is extracted from waste water by means of n-butylacetate, using polythene as the contact material. |
