High energy fuels and methods

摘要

Fuel compositions comprising mixtures of position isomers of at least one of the formulae are obtained by reaction of compounds of the formula with compounds of the formula in the presence of a Lewis acid catalyst followed by partial or complete hydrogenation; the composition may and usually will also contain hydrogenated products of dimers of Formula II compounds and of alkylation products of Formula I compounds with such dimers; in Formulae I and II above R, R1 and R11 are hydrogen, alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkylcycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl or aralkyl in which the cycloalkyl morities have 5 or 6 carbon atoms, R and R1 together with the two adjacent carbons having 2-12 carbons and R11 having up to 12 carbons, R111 is a hydrogen or C1-C12 alkyl, CYC is a radical derived from a C5-C10 cycloalkene or cycloalkadiene or a dimer, trimer or tetramer thereof or from a C7-C12 dicyclic or tricyclic alkene or alkadiene or a dimer thereof, m is 1-6, n is 1 or 2, p is 1-5, and q is 1-3 provided that in powders q is greater than 2, and m, n, p and q are such that a mixture of position isomers is formed and in formulae IV-VII the same definitions apply and HYD CYC is derived from Cyc by alkylation and/or hydrogenation. The Formula I compound may be a cyclopentene; cyclopentadiene; methylcyclopentadiene; polycyclic dimers, trimers or tetramers (which are dimers of the dimers) of butadiene, isoprene, piperylene, dimethylbutadiene, cyclopentadiene or methylcyclopentadiene; cyclohexene: bicyclohexene; bicycloheptadiene; indene; cyclopentene - ethyl; C1-C3 alkyl - cycopentenealkyl cyclohexene-propyl or C1-C3 alkyl-cyclohexene-propyl. Numerous alkyl benzenes of Formula II are specified. Suitable alkylation conditions are - 80 DEG to + 90 DEG C. with a weight ratio of Formula II to Formula I compound of 2-10: 1. The catalyst may be mixed with the Formula II compound and Formula I material added to prevent dimer formation or the mixed reactants are added to the catalyst or the catalyst to the reactants. Hydrogenation is effected over Raney nickel or cobalt at below 100 DEG C. and 1,000 p.s.i. to remove non-aromatic unsaturation or at 100-5,000 p.s.i. and 100-200 DEG C. to hydrogenate completely. Specifications 970,590 and 977,322 are referred to.