Electric Analogue Computing Devices

摘要

1,184,068. Analogue computation for power networks. ARMYANSKY NAUCHNO-ISSLEDOVATELSKY INSTITUT ENERGETIKI. 28 Feb., 1967, No. 58295/66. Heading G4G. In an electric analogue computer determining the economic load distribution among generating units of a power station, or individual stations of a power network, the following relations are postulated: where P i is the power of the ith unit or station, where i = 1, 2, 3 ..... n n is the total number of units or stations P 0 is a predetermined load on a system, including losses,αi is a fuel cost coefficient b 2 = f(P1 i ) is a relative increment of fuel consumption for the ith station, # is a coefficient of the power transmission network configuration (e.g. # = 0.9t + 1À02), B im are line coefficients, # i is a relative increment of active power loss for the network and also where K 1 is a constant gain factor, P1 i represents an intermediate value of the power of the ith station during iterative solution, In Fig. 1, a summator 1 solving equation 1/ receives an analogue signal representing P 0 and a further analogue signal from the outputs of functional unit 6 representing #P1 i , to produce difference signal #P and summator 2 solving equation 3/ receives a signal representing 2##m 1 #B im P i from n voltage dividers 5 fed from 1 the outputs of functional unit 6, to produce an output representing ( 1 - # i ). Each divider has n outputs connected to the summator 2 over switching members, and a single input receiving the appropriate voltages representing powers P 1 to P n from unit 6. A value of # 0 is obtainable from #p by integration (eqn. 4) and multiplier 4 responsive to (1 - # i ) and P 0 evaluates b i (eqn. 5). Functional unit 6 evaluates P i therefrom (eqn. 6). A programme controller 7 comprises a stepping selector 9 (Fig. 2, not shown) arranged to sequentially energize windings 10 of relay 8 corresponding in number to the n stations of the system, which are respectively multiple connected for energization to the ith, (1 + m)th, (i + 2m)th &c., contacts of the selector, where m = n + 1. Contacts 1, m + 1, 2m + 1 &c. of the selector are connected to the relay winding operating contact 12 to connect amplifier 1 to integrator 3, and operating contacts 2, 2 + m, 2 + 2m &c. energize a relay winding to connect amplifier 13 to energize motor 15, and also the feedback potentiometer 19 to the input of the amplifier 13. Other relays connected to the contacts of selector 3, 4 . . . m are similarly connected to intermediate motors. Functional unit 6 receiving the output b i of multiplier 4 comprises (Fig. 3) amplifier 13 energizing n motors 15 evaluating P 1 to P n over normally open contacts 14 which drive replaceable cams 16 profiled to define the derivative of fuel cost with respect to power generated for individual stations or units; the cams operating followers 18 to vary potentiometers 17 developing voltages representing power outputs P1 1 to P1 n by simulation of equation P t = # i (b i ). The motors also drive potentiometers 19 developing through normally open contacts 20 corresponding voltages representing their displacements, fed back to an input of amplifier 13. In iterative operation, programmer control unit 7 is energized by a pulse generator (not shown) to step the selector from zero, at which all windings 10 are de-energized and contacts 12, 14, 20, 23 are open. An initial pulse shifts the slider to the first contact and closes contact 12, at which P 0 # #n 1 #P1 i ; #P # 0, so that the output of integrator 3 and the value of b i is variable. A second pulse shifts the selector to a second contact, to break contact 12 and close contacts 14, 20, 23, when the output of 13 energizes the first P 1 motor 15 to adjust potentiometers 17 over cams 16 to derive a voltage corresponding to power P 1 . A third pulse shifts the selector to a third contact, and the voltage of next potentiometer will be set to correspond to power P 2 , and so until voltages are developed to represent all the power values Pi. A second iterative step commences when the selector shifts from contact n + 1 = m to n + 2, and since contacts 1, m + 1, 2m + 1 &c. are electrically interconnected, contact 12 makes and the cycle is repeated with a variation of the output of integrator 3. Summator 2, multiplier 4 and amplifier 16 are thus switched in succession to solve the equation corresponding to the successive stations systems and ultimately by convergence the voltage representing #P1 i # P 0 so that #P # 0 and at #P = 0 the operation is stopped and the voltages corresponding to P 1 . . . P n are read off by voltmeters as measures of the required outputs of successive units or stations for a given total load.