| 摘要 |
The water is at the origin of an entire series of geological and climatic processes and is primarily the basis of all forms of life. Actually, it is the majority component of all living organisms (50% to 98%); the human body contains 70% of the total mass thereof. The biosphere in its entirety consists of 80% water. Although this may be one of the most highly examined liquids, its properties comprising numerous anomalies have not yet all been elucidated. It plays an essential role in the structure and metabolism of all living beings. This biological role is due to its physical and chemical properties that are out of the ordinary. Bernal and Flower established a rule defining that each oxygen atom has two hydrogen atoms as neighbors and each hydrogen bond contains one hydrogen atom. The separation of the liquid water molecules produces the formation of hydroxyl ion (OH−) and hydronium ions (H3O+), which hampers this rule. The appearance of OH− and H3O+ ions produces “ionic defects” in the structure of the water (Bernal, J. and Fowler, R. (1933). “A Theory of Water and Ionic Solution, with Particular Reference to Hydrogen and Hydroxyl Ions.” Journal of Chemical Physics 1(8): 515-548). In the absence of an electric field, there is an equilibrium between the hydroxyl ions and the hydronium ions. If an electromagnetic field that polarizes in water is sent on, these two ions move independently and the equilibrium is broken. These ionic compounds can go to be adsorbed, for example, on colloidal particles.
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