| 摘要 |
Articles of manufacture including electronic machines including but not limited to computers, computer stations, computing devices, computer systems, software, computer readable memory and other electronic devices adapted to provide an index for a performance characteristic or measure for groups of people or institutions. The index values are risk adjusted to the varying population compositions for groups of people or institutions by comparison to a reference portfolio and are updated in real time to account for the changing constitution of the clusters in the portfolios. Methods of using the disclosed devices include the ability to provide a continuously updated benchmark for the comparison of medical, business or educational performance by providers or practitioners of such services that effect populations of individuals, and that is based on measurable outcomes. Additionally, the methods of using the disclosed devices include the ability to compare the effectiveness of different therapies.
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