| 摘要 |
Heat pumps and refrigerating machines operate optimally if the temperature difference (the spread) of the connected heat sources and heat sinks is as small as possible. If this is not the case, two negative effects are the result: 1. At a high spread, increased dissipation occurs in the condensers and evaporators. 2. In order to generate an increased spread, the heat return flow is frequently mixed with the heat pump flow. For this purpose, hydraulic separators and overflow valves are employed. This results in highly dissipative mixing of heat carrier medium with differing temperatures. Using a pair of intermediate storage means according to the invention (also e.g. Fig. 3), the dissipation that occurs can be drastically reduced. The low spread of the heat pump is adjusted to the high spread of the remaining system. The COP of the system is substantially improved by intermediate storage means. With heat pumps, the improvement ranges from about 5% to 20%, depending on the system. |
