Improvements in the conversion of hydrocarbons into hydrocarbons lower in hydrogen content at elevated temperatures

摘要

The conversion of hydrocarbons into other hydrocarbons of lower hydrogen content is effected by passing through a heated chamber containing filling material in which are straight channels of uniform cross-section so as to avoid irregular velocities tending to the deposition of carbon. The channels may be bored in a single filler, or regular masses may be built up so as to leave regular channels between them. The filling bodies may be supported upon a grate or may be hung from above, and may have smooth or polished surfaces. They may be of chamotte or of materials having catalytic effect such as silicon or silicon carbide, if desired with binding agents such as clay. The process is applicable to the cracking of hydrocarbons in the liquid but particularly in the vapour phase especially for the production of aromatic hydrocarbons, and also for the conversion of methane into olefines, benzene, &c. In examples (1) a 90 per cent methane is passed through a chamber containing polished chamotte plates A, Fig. 1, with channels B between them, at 1100 DEG C., yielding a liquid condensate containing 70 per cent of benzene ; (2) a gas containing 28,5 per cent of butane, 20,3 per cent of propane, 12,9 per cent of ethane, and 22,1 per cent of nitrogen besides some butylene, propylene, ethylene, methane and hydrogen, is preheated to 440 DEG C. and passed at 50 atmospheres pressure through an internally tinned high-pressure V2a steel tube containing cubes moulded from silicon powder and a binding agent and arranged so as to leave channels B between them, Fig. 2, the tube being heated to 550 DEG C. along about half of its length ; a liquid condensate is obtained containing saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons of which 40 per cent boil up to 120 DEG C. and 70 per cent up to 270 DEG C., and the exit gas contains 2,6 per cent of butane, 10,4 per cent of propane, 17,8 per cent of ethane, 37,6 per cent of methane, besides nitrogen, butylene, propylene, ethylene and hydrogen. Specifications 261,267, [Class 2 (iii), Dyes &c.], 283,869 and 336,991, [both in Class 1 (i), Chemical processes &c.], are referred to.ALSO:The conversion of hydrocarbons into other hydrocarbons of lower hydrogen content is effected by passing through a heated chamber containing filling material in which are straight channels of uniform cross section so as to avoid irregular velocities tending to the deposition of carbon. The channels may be bored in a single filler, or regular masses may be built up so as to leave regular channels between them. The filling bodies may be supported upon a grate or may be hung from above, and may have smooth or polished surfaces. They may be of chamotte or of materials having catalytic effect such as silicon or silicon carbide, if desired with binding agents such as clay. The process is applicable to the cracking of hydrocarbons in the liquid but particularly in the vapour phase especially for the production of aromatic hydrocarbons, and also for the conversion of methane into olefines, benzene, &c. In examples (1) a 90 per cent methane is passed through a chamber containing polished chamotte plates A, Fig. 1, with channels B between them, at 1100 DEG C., yielding a liquid condensate containing 70 per cent of benzene; (2) a gas containing 28,5 per cent of butane, 20,3 per cent of propane, 12,9 per cent of ethane, and 22,1 per cent of nitrogen besides some butylene, propylene, ethylene, methane and hydrogen, is preheated to 440 DEG C. and passed at 50 atmospheres pressure through an internally-tinned high-pressure V2a steel tube containing cubes moulded from silicon powder and a binding agent and arranged so as to leave channels B between them, Fig. 2, the tube being heated to 550 DEG C. along about half of its length; a liquid condensate is obtained containing saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons of which 40 per cent boil up to 120 DEG C. and 70 per cent up to 270 DEG C., and the exit gas contains 2,6 per cent of butane, 10,4 per cent of propane, 17,8 per cent of ethane, 37,6 per cent of methane, besides nitrogen, butylene, propylene, ethylene and hydrogen. Specifications 261,267, [Class 2 (iii), Dyes &c.], 283,869, and 336,991, [both in Class 1 (i), Chemical processes &c.], are referred to.