| 摘要 |
Fibrous materials, particularly textiles, are improved by treating them with aqueous solutions containing water-soluble amorphous derivatives of polymeric carboxylic acids of the acrylic acid series, including complex polymerization products obtained by simultaneous condensation and polymerization of polymerizable vinyl compounds, such as styrene, chlorstyrene or vinyl acetate, with the said acids, or with aliphatic dicarboxylic acids containing a double linkage between two carbon atoms, at least one of which is connected to a carboxyl group, e.g. maleic and itaconic acid. The water-soluble derivatives in question include the salts of the polymerized acids with alkalies, ammonia, water-soluble amines including alkylolamines, e.g. mono-, di-, or tri-ethanolamine, and their esters, especially with fatty acids, and ethylene polyamines, and also the products from polymerized acrylic nitrile which has been incompletely saponified, e.g. by heating with ammonia under pressure. Aqueous solutions of the said polymeric materials may be employed for dressing or sizing, or for dispersing other agents to be employed in the treatment of the fibrous materials. Loaded dressings and weightings may be produced by the addition of fillers, e.g. talc, or by subsequently converting water-soluble salts of the polymeric acids into insoluble salts, e.g. salts of aluminium or alkaline earth metals, waterproof impregnations and coatings are obtained. In examples (1) a dyed cotton fabric is treated in a bath containing the incompletely saponified nitrile of polymerized acrylic acid, made by heating polymerized acrylic nitrile (example 8 of Specification 358,534) with ammonia under pressure; a soft touch is imparted to the fabric, which may be enhanced by employing the salt of polymerized acrylic acid with the mono-oleic ester of triethanolamine; (2) a cotton or artificial silk fabric is waterproofed by treating first in a bath containing the ammonium salt of polymerized acrylic acid (made by heating an aqueous solution of acrylic acid with sulphuric acid, formaldehyde and hydrogen peroxide), and then in a bath containing aluminium acetate; (3) viscose silk is sized with a solution of the diethanolamine salt of polymerized acrylic acid; (4) cotton, wool or silk are given a soft dressing by treating in a bath containing the sodium salt of a a product made by conjoint polymerization of styrene with maleic anhydride; (5) the ammonium salt of the product referred to in example 4 is used for dressing viscose silk, and (6) cotton or artificial silk is treated first with a solution of a mixed polymerization product from maleic anhydride and styrene in sodium carbonate and then with a solution of barium chloride; a stiff and durable dressing is obtained. Specifications 306,116, 337,737, [both in Class 15 (ii), Dyeing, Processes &c. for], and 346,267 also are referred to.ALSO:Aqueous solutions containing water-soluble amorphous derivatives of polymeric carboxylic acids of the acrylic acid series, including complex polymerization products obtained by simultaneous condensation and polymerization of polymerizable vinyl compounds, such as styrene, chlorstyrene, or vinyl acetate, with the said acids, or with aliphatic dicarboxylic acids containing a double linkage between two carbon atoms, at least one of which is connected to a carboxyl group, e.g. maleic and itaconic acids, are employed as sizes. The water-soluble derivatives in question include the salts of the polymerized acids with alkalies, ammonia, water-soluble amines including alkylolamines and their esters, especially with fatty acids, and ethylene polyamines, and also the products from polymerized acrylic nitrile which has been incompletely saponified, e.g. by heating with ammonia under pressure. In an example, viscose silk is sized with a solution of the diethanolamine salt of polymerized acrylic acid. Specifications 306,116, [Class 15 (ii), Dyeing, Processes &c. for], 337,737, [Class 121, Starch &c.], 346,267, and 358,534 are referred to.
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