| 摘要 |
FIELD: agriculture. ^ SUBSTANCE: method includes watering beds with trenches arranged permanently in the same area along harrows. Trenches are laid along the middle of beds. Beds are filled with plant matter and manure. Irrigated massif is broken into groups of watered sections. Each massif contains groups of three beds. Main crops are grown in the first bed. Perennial herbs or legumes are grown in the second bed, and the third one is mulched with plant matter. As moisture reduces in near-surface layer of the first beds soil in groups down to lower threshold of optimal moisture, beds are watered. Watering is carried out by means of fine-dispersed sprinkling of watering norm to moisten near-surface layer of soil up to the moisture that is less than lowest moisture capacity. In case of air drought, fog irrigation is carried out. Watering along harrows of beds, where the main crops are grown, is carried out until moisture of these beds groups reduces down to lower level of optimal moisture. Watering norm is selected to maintain moisture in the whole active layer below lowest moisture capacity that does not damage soil structure. Water is supplied into harrows by pulses with erosion-permissible flow rate of watering jets. Duration of pulses makes it possible for watering jets to reach the end of watered harrows. Water is supplied cyclically into watered harrows of all the first beds included into composition of watered section beds groups. Number of beds groups is selected so that period between pulses supply equal to time of watering pulses generation into watered harrows of remaining first beds in groups, providing for gradual absorption of water into soil. Moistening of the second and third beds in groups is carried out by internal soil method with irrigation water that arrived into lower horizon of active layer of soil in process of watering along harrows of the first beds in groups. System includes source of irrigation, system of beds watering along harrows, system of fine-dispersed sprinkling, drainage system, sensors of soil moisture. Screens are laid below surface of watered harrows. Screens are arranged in the form of tray made of polyethylene film. Source of irrigation is connected via controlled lock to electric drive with inlet of low-head pump and via lock to electric drive with inlet of high-pressure pump. Outlets of pumps are connected to manifold pipeline. Outlet of manifold pipeline is connected to transporting pipeline. Transporting pipeline is connected via controlled valves with watering pipelines with fine-dispersed sprinkling plants and via controlled valves with water discharges into pairs of watered harrows arranged along edges of beds. Drainage system has vertical walls with water filters that do not let salt through, for undersoil moistening of active soil layer. ^ EFFECT: technology makes it possible to preserve and increase fertility of irrigated lands. ^ 3 cl, 3 dwg |
